Scams, when they are pulled off can be pretty impressive, and pretty disruptive. That's why movies like the Ocean's Eleven series do so amazingly. Now I'm obligated to say that you should not plan on starting any of these scams. But it's important to know what they look like, and admire them from afar.
Here are some of the most interesting scams which have been around for quite a while.
Here are some of the most interesting scams which have been around for quite a while.
Pyramid Schemes
A pyramid scheme is a business model which recruits its members based on a false promise of finding 'financial freedom' or making a lot of money. It works incredibly well because of how the company grows exponentially. But of course, because it's a pyramid, the people at the top of the pyramid are the ones making most of the money.
Pyramid schemes work based on commissions. These commissions encourage its participants to 'recruit' more people to help said scheme sell its products. The new recruits will usually have to pay a fee to be included in the 'million dollar industry' and be compensated with a product of some sorts.
It's a little confusing so let's use Joe as an example.
Joe has decided to join a pyramid scheme after being convinced by a friend that he's going to be rich!
Of course his friend(let's call him Mark) is part of a pyramid scheme of his own, trying to 'recruit' Joe and earn commissions from Joe's money. The commissions will then be split between Mark and the person who recruited him, and the person who recruited that guy and so on.
Now Mark has multiple Joes(plural of Joe) under his belt. These people are called his down-line. Each of these Joes will begin to build their down-lines, as that's the only way they'll actually make money through the scheme.
Since Mark has already recruited so many Joes, he can now sit back and relax, letting his Joes recruit more people for him, adding to their down-lines and also extending his.
But wait, there's more. The person who recruited Mark has other Marks who are recruiting more Joes and the cycle keeps repeating. The person at the top of the pyramid started this all off by getting several people in his down-line to build his down-line for him.
Nowadays, they disguise themselves as 'Multi-Level Marketing', or 'MLM' for short. MLMs are basically modified pyramid schemes. MLMs are legal, but pyramid schemes aren't.
MLMs usually can't force new participants to pay a fee, or keep any physical product, but the business model remains the same.
Ponzi Schemes
Ponzi schemes work quite similarly to pyramid schemes. The people at the top are the ones making most of the money, and the rest are just suckers.
A Ponzi scheme tricks people, usually investors into investing their money into the scheme. Most of these investors are not aware that it is a scheme.
They invest into it expecting some returns, but their money usually goes to the people at the top, end the new investors are simply told that the investment did not turn out as planned.
The money of new investors is given to existing investors, making it seem like the existing investors are making healthy and consistent returns, when that is in fact false.
The main difference between a pyramid scheme and a Ponzi scheme is that participants in a Ponzi scheme are usually unaware that it even is a scheme, thinking it's legitimate. Pyramid schemes are also more centered around products.
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